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be动词全形式用法归纳及典型例句解析

  be动词的意思和用法较为丰富,核心含义为“是”,拥有多种变化形式,包括am、is、are、was、were、being、been、to be。除此之外,be动词还可表示“成为”的含义。选用be动词时,需根据句子中的人称、数以及时态,选择对应的形式。

  一、常见的be动词

  常见的be动词有am、is、are、was、were、being、been、to be等形式。其中,am、is、are用于一般现在时,was、were用于一般过去时,being是现在分词形式,been是过去分词形式,to be为不定式形式。

  在选用be动词时,要结合句子的人称、数和时态来确定。例如一般过去时中,主语为单数用was,复数用were;一般现在时中,I后用am,he/she/it后用is,we/you/they后用are。

  二、be动词的用法

  (一)系动词be

  作为系动词(又称连系动词,link verb)的be,是英语基础用法之一,用法灵活。基本含义为“是”,核心结构为“主语+be+表语”(主系表结构),表语通常由名词、形容词、数词、介词短语(表地点、时间等)充当。系动词be可随时态变化,也能与情态动词连用。

  1、be的时态变化 系动词be可用于一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等时态。如:

  I am a teacher.(一般现在时,主语为I,用am)

  He is a student.(一般现在时,主语为单数第三人称,用is)

  They were in the park yesterday.(一般过去时,主语为复数,用were)

  It will be cloudy tomorrow.(一般将来时,用will be)

  He has been ill for six days.(现在完成时,用has been)

  It had been three hours before she left the hat shop.(过去完成时,用had been)

  2、be与情态动词的连用 用法为“情态动词+be原形”,表推测、建议等含义。如:

  It must be Lucy's book. Her name is on the cover.(must be表肯定推测)

  It can be very difficult for us to memorize too many words within such a short time.(can be表可能性)

  She should be here on time tomorrow.(should be表建议)

  (二)助动词be

  作为助动词,be无具体语义,需与主要动词搭配构成谓语,主要用于构成进行时态和被动语态。

  1、进行时态中的be 与主要动词的现在分词连用,构成不同进行时态,表动作正在进行或持续。如:

  He is reading in the library now.(现在进行时)

  She was swimming in the river this time yesterday.(过去进行时)

  They will be arriving in Beijing tomorrow.(将来进行时)

  We have been learning English for ten years.(现在完成进行时)

  2、被动语态中的be 与主要动词的过去分词连用,构成“be done”结构,表动作被执行。如:

  Chinese is widely used around the world nowadays.(一般现在时被动语态)

  The window was broken by the naughty boy just now.(一般过去时被动语态)

  The letter was sent yesterday.(一般过去时被动语态,补充例句)

  Your watch has already been repaired.(现在完成时被动语态)

  【注意】助动词be可构成特殊句型,常见如下:

  be going to do:表“打算、将要”做某事,侧重计划或预判。如:He is going to visit us next week. It is going to rain soon.

  be about to do:表“刚要、即将”,强调短期内即刻发生,不与具体时间状语连用。如:The plane is about to take off in five minutes' time.

  be to do:表“按计划、约定要做”,或表命令、责任。如:One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy. The new store is to be opened tomorrow.

  (三)特殊句型中的be动词

  1、There be句型 be与there连用构成该句型,表“某地存在某物/某人”,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。如:There is a white ruler on the desk. There were a great many people in the car race last year.

  2、祈使句中的be动词 以Be或Don't be开头,表命令、建议、叮嘱等。如:Be patient!(耐心点!) Don't be so hard on me!(别对我这么严厉!) Be careful when crossing the road.(过马路时小心点,补充例句)

  3、虚拟语气中的be动词 be置于句首,引导让步状语从句的虚拟语气,表“无论、不管”。如:

  Be he rich or poor, she will marry him.

  Be it true or not, she will see it herself.

  上述句子等价于:Whether he be rich or poor, she will marry him.(无论他有钱与否,她都会嫁给她。)Whether it be true or not, she will see it herself.(无论这是否属实,她都会亲自验证。)

  相关信息仅供参考。